The present paper contains the results of studies of incentive problems in two-level organizational (active) systems, including several controlled subjects (active elements) : General formulation and classification of incentive tasks , solutions of problems of synthesis of optimal functions of stimulation in deterministic systems and systems with uncertainty , analysis of the comparative efficiency of solutions for different models and the dependence of the properties of these solutions on the parameters of the model of the managed system. Considerable attention is paid to the study of practically important individual cases: unified, compensatory, linear and other incentive systems, as well as the tasks of managing organizational systems with technologically related elements and the tasks of forming the composition of the system.