The monograph summarizes and systematizes the results of research of teachers of the department of special pedagogy and medical foundations of defectology on the study of theoretical and practice-oriented aspects of education of persons with disabilities in the conditions of its modernization. The materials of the monograph reflect the position of the authors on solving the problems of comprehensive support of persons with disabilities in educational organizations in conditions of inclusive practice, as well as in medical and preventive institutions. The publication is addressed to scientists, university teachers, teachers and managers of the education system, researchers interested in solving the problem of education of persons with disabilities in the context of modernization of education.