The book highlights the development of the most general concepts and theories of chemistry. The evolution of ideas about the chemical structure of matter and about the specifics of chemical objects as integral systems is considered. A brief analysis of the problem of chemical evolution is given, in connection with which the general trends in the development of chemistry are then analyzed. The author makes an attempt to establish separate laws of the development of chemistry, to determine the place and role of modern theories in it, as well as theories of the near future. The book is designed for scientific and engineering workers of chemical institutions and enterprises, teachers of chemistry and philosophy at universities, students and graduate students . It can be used as a training tool for students of faculties of advanced training of teachers of chemistry and philosophy of higher education institutions, as well as for methodological seminars that are held in chemical research institutes and departments of universities.