The first volume is devoted to the analysis of the historical process of the emergence of the epistemological teachings of the pre-Marxist theory of knowledge: skepticism, agnosticism, sensualism, rationalism, transcendentalism, phenomenologicalism, idealistic dialectics. In the second volume, cognition is presented as a social process that determines the cognitive activity of people, stimulating it or limiting it. The third volume deals with the functioning and development of cognition: historicism of categorical forms of thinking both in collective cognition and in individual mental development interrelation of different levels of scientific cognition common problems of scientific cognition the role of contradictions, the ascent from the abstract to the concrete. The fourth volume deals with epistemological issues related to the knowledge of socio-cultural reality: The relationship of cognitive methods in the natural, human and social sciences, the unity of the human sciences, philosophical problems of knowledge of the past and future, the relationship of explanation and understanding, etc.