The book examines the ideas of the outstanding domestic philosopher Evald Vasilyevich Ilyenkov, devoted primarily to the problems of personality, self-awareness, imagination and fantasy. The authors of the book show that the meaning of these ideas goes beyond the time when they were formulated, and the conditional limits of the context in which they arose. Particular attention is paid to the modern significance of these ideas for psychology, psychiatry, pedagogy and other human sciences. Analysis of E. Ilyenkova goes into the study of modern methodological problems of human sciences . It is shown, in particular, that the problems of imagination and fantasy are one of the most urgent theoretical, cognitive and methodological problems. However, the analysis is given in a broad historical and philosophical context .. Ideas E. In. Ilyenkova compared with the works and ideas of philosophical classics: Spinoza, Fichte, Hegel, Marx Articles written by famous philosophers, psychologists, educators. Some works by E. Illenkov, in particular his essay on B. Spinoza, published for the first time.