The book is the first volume of a series of collections on topical issues of organic chemistry .. The book contains six review articles , which contain the latest data on Kolbe electrolytic synthesis, polyphosphoric acid as a reagent in organic chemistry , Wittig's reaction, Hydroxylation methods, Selective cleavage of proteins , as well as on the dispersion of optical rotation and the study of the structure of organic molecules. Each article discusses the essence and mechanism of reactions, their scope and the reasons that limit the possibility of their application. The conditions for the experimental implementation of individual methods and possible adverse reactions. are considered in particular detail. The book is intended for wide circles of organic chemists.