This manual for doctors presents modern high requirements for compensation of diabetes in children and adolescents as the most effective and only possible way to prevent the development of specific vascular complications. as well as ways to achieve it with the help of modern methods of insulin therapy . Questions of features of insulin therapy in childhood and adolescence are considered. The manual contains information on the pharmacokinetics of modern types of insulin, the schemes of their introduction, the problems of insulin therapy in different age periods and ways to solve them. Particular attention is divided into the most modern and effective means of treating diabetes mellitus - ultrashort-acting insulin analogues and prolonged, as well as insulin pumps .. The prepared recommendations for the management of patients with diabetes are based on extensive clinical experience , the Department of Diabetes of the Institute of Pediatric Endocrinology GU ENC RAMS , where the most complex contingent of patients is concentrated, standards of the World Health Organization .