This work reveals the diversity of philosophical teachings that are associated with the comprehension of the human phenomenon. The authors show the origin of human philosophy in ancient culture and the emergence of philosophical anthropology in the XVIII century. They pay special attention to philosophical anthropology as a philosophical trend that arose in the early twentieth century. It is not so much a separate philosophical discipline (as it was originally based on O.) And how much of it is based on the work of M.. Scheler's philosophical concept. Philosophical anthropologists (A.) Helen, H. Plessner, others) returned to Kant's idea to embrace real human existence in its entirety, to determine the place and attitude of a person to the world around him. The book also presents social and religious anthropology, special attention is paid to the latest anthropological concepts.