The book includes articles from the yearbook "Ethical Thought" (ex. 18, 20009), published by the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences. They reflect the results of recent domestic research in the theory and history of moral philosophy, ethical problems of society and culture. In particular, the place of morality and the purpose of ethics in the modern world is determined, the nature of moral values, the specifics of moral behavior are investigated, the problems of normative ethics are analyzed. The authors turn to the study of moral ideas in Chinese, Indian, Arab-Muslim and Western European traditions. The book also analyzes specific ethical concepts. Among them are the concepts of Plotin, and. Kanta, G. Lukacha, L. N. Thick .