This collective monograph, prepared as a result of the conference, is devoted to the analysis of Kosygin reforms aimed at increasing economic independence within the socialist economic system. The authors of the monograph give a deep and multifaceted analysis of the Soviet experience of socio-economic reforms, identify institutional pitfalls that slowed down, and then essentially canceled the implementation of the positive potential of reforms. Discussion of the fate of the reforms of 1965 . brings to the discussion the general problems of the development of the Soviet model of the economy and the prerequisites for the formation in the post-Soviet period of a new, already Russian economic model It is recommended for students, graduate students, researchers and teachers to study the problems of economic development, as well as for all those interested in the problems of socio-economic development of Russia.