Training Manual . — Astrakhan, AGMA, 2009. — 40 s. Training manual prepared by the head of . the Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry of the Astrakhan Medical Academy, Doctor of Medicine . Science, Professor A A. Nikolayev and Associate Professor of the same Department, Doctor of Medical Sciences D. L. Lutsk . The manual sets out the main information about micro- and macroelements. Macronutrients: C, O, H, S, as well as several essential trace elements are considered in more detail. For these elements, the prevalence in nature, the route of entry, transport, elimination, the physiological role, the molecular basis of pathological processes caused by their lack or excess is given. For students of medical and biological universities, as well as for a wide range of people interested in modern issues of the doctrine of biogenic elements