Article. Published in the journal "News of higher education institutions. Physics". — 2013. - T. 56. — No.5. — C. 51-54. The influence of heat treatment (T) modes on the structural-phase state of heat-resistant ferritic-martensitic steel EC-181. It is shown that the use of intermediate (between quenching and release) annealing at low temperatures leads to an increase in the dispersion of vanadium carbonitride nanoparticles compared to traditional heat treatment. Found modes of maintenance that provide a high density of nanoparticles while reducing the intensity of martensite release . Keywords: ferritic-martensitic steel, heat treatment, nanoparticles, dispersed hardening.