This two-volume collective monograph provides a comprehensive overview of the physical principles behind image formation for medical diagnostics. Authored by a team of leading British experts from the United Physics Department of the Institute of Oncology Research and the Royal Marsden Hospital, and edited by S. Webb—an esteemed specialist in medical imaging—the work offers valuable insights for professionals in the field. Volume 1 focuses on the methods and equipment used to produce X-ray images, as well as radioisotope imaging techniques. Volume 2 explores the physical foundations of ultrasound diagnostics, MRI and infrared imaging, tissue visualization through electrical impedance distributions, and techniques like transillumination. It also covers mathematical methods for image visualization and processing, as well as issues related to image perception and interpretation. Additionally, the book discusses the hardware requirements for computer systems used in medical imaging. This publication is an essential resource for biologists, medical professionals, physicists, and engineers involved in the design and manufacture of medical equipment.