This two-volume collective monograph provides a comprehensive overview of the physical principles behind image formation for medical diagnostics. Authored by a team of leading British experts from the United Physics Department of the Institute of Oncology Research and the Royal Marsden Hospital, and edited by S. Webb—an esteemed specialist in medical imaging—the work offers valuable insights into the science behind medical visualization. Volume 1 focuses on the methods and equipment used to produce X-ray images, as well as radioisotope imaging techniques. Volume 2 explores the physical foundations of ultrasound diagnostics, MRI and infrared imaging, tissue imaging through electrical impedance distributions, as well as techniques like transillumination, the application of mathematical methods for image visualization and processing. The book also discusses how images are perceived and interpreted, along with the hardware requirements for computer systems used in imaging technologies. Designed for professionals—biologists, medical practitioners, physicists, and engineers involved in the design and manufacture of medical equipment—this comprehensive resource bridges the gap between physics and practical medical imaging applications.