The monograph of well-known specialists in the field of applied mathematics is a generalized study on the modeling of economic processes that have a deterministic or probabilistic nature. Numerous models of forecasting and planning of industrial and agricultural production are presented and analyzed. Prospective directions of development of economic and mathematical methods and ways of their introduction into planning practice are discussed from the authors' point of view. The book is designed for researchers and specialists in the field of economic and mathematical modeling, as well as for teachers and graduate students of economic universities and faculties .