This book is the second of three books by G. and . Glaser, which presents material on the history of mathematics for the school. The book in the form of short articles contains material from the history of mathematics, available to students of VII-VIII classes (the first book is intended for IV-VI classes, the third is for IX-X classes .). ) The manual is compiled on the basis of the available historical and mathematical literature and thirty years of personal experience of the author in secondary and higher school . The material of the first part of the manual is intended for lessons, and the second part can be used in optional and extracurricular classes . At the end of the book there are historical problems in arithmetic, algebra and geometry of famous mathematicians of past centuries. It will be useful for teachers, students of pedagogical universities, schoolchildren and their parents, as well as for everyone interested in mathematics and its history.