The valuable physical and chemical properties of polymeric materials, making them indispensable in modern technology, are ultimately due to the peculiarities of the structure of their constituent molecules. The same applies to the specific biological properties of natural polymers .. In this regard, the study of the properties and structure of individual macromolecules occupies an important place in the general complex of studies of highly molecular substances. The present monograph is devoted mainly to the hydrodynamic and optical properties of macromolecules and methods of their study, which include: viscosity, light scattering, diffusion, sedimentation, dynamic double refraction .. The book discusses in detail the application of these research methods to a number of specific and important problems: determination of molecular weights, molecular weight distributions, sizes of macromolecules, their shape, structure, branching, flexibility, internal mobility, stereoregularity, analysis of compositional heterogeneity of copolymers . The book is intended for a wide range of researchers and engineers working in the field of physics, chemistry, biology, physical chemistry and technology of synthetic and biological polymers, as well as for teaching staff and senior students of universities specializing in these sciences.