Special Aerobic Exercises :Aerobic exercise has been recognized as a safe and beneficial physical training modality for a number of chronic conditions, yet physicians do not know how to prescribe it. This chapter aims to discuss the effects of aerobic exercise in the treatment of metabolic syndrome-related disorders (diabetes, hypertension and obesity), heart and pulmonary diseases (coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), locomotive apparatus disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis systemic lupus erythematosus and fibromyalgia), neurological diseases (multiple sclerosis), and gastrointestinal disorders (Crohn‘s Disease). The suggested potential mechanisms for the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise are discussed and some basic guidelines for exercise prescription in this kind of populations are given.