The world population is increasing at dramatic propulsion and the arable land is decreasing at a faster pace. The looming climate change is expected to reduce total yield of crops by 15–20% and poses a formidable task to increase food production. Plant breeding has contributed significantly to sustainable food production by recombining the desired genes in new cultivars from the available gene pool. However, the yield potential of crops has plateaued threatening globally sustainable food production and feeding ever-growing population worldwide facing climatic changes. In addition, global warming may become disastrous to agriculture production and food supply chain, especially with the appearance of new insects, pests, and diseases, and some existing ones may disappear. New plant breeding technologies like transgenics, molecular-marker-assisted breeding, mutagenesis, and genome editing could contribute to sustaining crop production.