The book collects and summarizes the material necessary for the construction of such sections of modern cybernetics as the theory of electronic digital machines, the theory of discrete automata and the theory of discrete self-organizing systems, automation of thought processes, the theory of pattern recognition, etc. Foundations of Boolean Function Theory, Theory of Algorithms , logical calculations and logical networks , Basic questions of automata theory , principles of building electronic digital machines and universal algorithmic languages , Foundations of Perceptron Theory , Some fundamental questions of the theory of self-organizing systems . Many fundamental results in mathematical logic and algorithm theory are presented summarily, without detailed evidence, and in some cases without evidence at all. The book is designed for wide circles of mathematicians and researchers of many specialties who want to get acquainted with the problems of modern cybernetics.