The monograph explores the socio-cultural potential of Siberia, its place and mission within Russia and Greater Eurasia from the standpoint of the synthetic concept of the civilizational approach in the unity of its synchronous (historical-temporal) and diachronic (spatial) aspects. The central idea of the book is the substantiation of the key position of Siberia in the transitional era from the current, which is in a deep systemic crisis of technogenic and consumer - to a new spiritual and ecological civilization. The objective and subjective socio-cultural resource of Siberia is analyzed, which makes it possible to consider it as the axial locus of global civilizational transformation. The authors provide not only a panoramic interdisciplinary vision of the historical mission of Siberia, but also offer specific geopolitical, economic, social and cultural measures to actualize its strategic civilizational potential. The book will be of interest to philosophers, sociologists, political scientists, historians, art historians and culturologists, as well as to all those interested in topical problems of the development of Siberia and modern civilization.