The publication is a course of lectures on the ancient policy, written by leading domestic experts on this issue. The course is structured by periods and thematic sections of the history of the ancient Greek polis and the Roman civil community (which was a variant of the ancient polis organization). The publication is intended for students-historians studying ancient history in any educational program, as it is devoted to the central problem of modern anticoscience. The main target audience of this manual is students (masters) and graduate students undergoing specialized educational training (specialization) in the field of ancient history .