The collection of scientific reports includes materials of the First All-Russian Congress "Priority Technologies" : Actual Issues of Theory and Practice”, held on the basis of the Institute of Priority Technologies of Volgograd State University together with the Volgograd branch of the Association of Young Entrepreneurs of Russia on April 24-25, 2014 . This publication presents the reports of the participants of the conferences organized within the framework of the Congress: I All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference "Molecular Biotechnology", III All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference "Actual Issues of Information Security of Regions in the Context of Globalization of Information Space" ; IV All-Russian scientific and technical conference "Nanotechnologies and nanomaterials: current state and prospects of development" ; V All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference "Problems of Information Transmission in Infocommunication Systems" .