The monograph is devoted to the development of dairy cattle breeding in Russia. For the first time, the dairy industry is seen as a complex multi-food system. The collective monograph outlines organizational, technological and economic approaches to solving modern problems of the development of cattle breeding in Russia, taking into account the impact of internal and external factors on it. This topic is especially relevant at the present time, when in our country there is a reorientation towards the domestic food producer and the accelerated development of animal husbandry. It is important not to miss the moment. CM mobilize all scientific potential to develop a strategy, as it was done in meat cattle breeding and correctly choose the directions of development of dairy cattle breeding based on the use of the most effective modern technologies and the accumulated breeding and genetic potential.