Here is the cult book of the world-famous scientist-philologist M. M. Bakhtina (1895-1975). It was completed in 1940, and published only a quarter of a century later - in 1965 and for many years determined the development of world literature science. According to Bakhtin, the people’s laughter element is opposed, on the one hand, by officially serious culture, on the other by the critical-denying beginning of the satire of the last four centuries of European culture. Carnival-type celebrations, funny actions and rituals, their accompanying, various forms and genres of familiar-squad speech - this is the subject of study of an outstanding scientist. You will learn about the prophetic power of jesting, and about the structure of the formation and action of abusive mother speech and forever want to use the mat in everyday speech without a good reason. Bakhtin's work , dedicated to the works of Franois Rabelais and Nikolai Gogol , It is still revolutionary. CM opening and explaining to the reader the history and structure of the millennial development of the whole world of popular laugh culture which is used in some form by everyone and in everyday life , Sometimes I don’t even notice it....