The publication, offered to a circle of specialists and the general readership, contains two courses of lectures on ancient Greek philosophy, which were given by the author in the summer semesters of 1943 and 1944. In its form, it is a translation into Russian of the 55th volume of the Complete Works of Heidegger, published by Klostermann . Published lectures can serve as a basis for a deeper reading of all the other philosophical works of Heidegger. The central concept in them, around which all thought moves, is the concept of "logos", and the central figure is the figure of Heraclitus, in the utterances of which this concept was first applied. In the first year of lectures we are talking about origin , History of Western European Metaphysics , experience of that unique event , that "beginning" , in which human thinking first recognizes its essence in the original "thinking" thinking about things and immediately plunges into the use of this essence , The world around us. Lectures in 1944 . Two meanings of the now familiar term "logic" are investigated: logic as a guide for right thinking and as the logic of things themselves, of the very thing. Attention is thus focused on the underlying basic and original logic of the “thought of the Logos,” as first revealed in Heraclitus’s difficult-to-understand philosophical statements.