For the first time published in Russian preserved fragments from the comments of Yamvlich Khalkidsky on the dialogues of Plato force the modern reader to take a fresh look at the work of the founder of the Academy. The subtlety of theoretical discourse is combined in Yamvlich with the tracing of the most unexpected, primarily oriental, cultural influences and analogies. It was Yamvlich's comments that became the basis for the formation of mature Neoplatonism their impact can be traced in Byzantine theological literature up to M. Psella. The combination of theological, metaphysical, linguistic problems with theosophical interest makes the published texts one of the brightest pages in the history of Platonism. In the design of the text of the book used ancient Mesopotamian and Mithraic images.