The textbook describes the main stages and features of the systematization of economic ideas and views in economic theory, shows the importance for the practice of economic life and the study of applied economic disciplines. A distinctive feature of the training manual is the orientation to the development of personal qualities and the formation of general cultural and professional competencies in accordance with the requirements of the GEF HPE in this area of training . For students of higher education institutions , students in the areas of training "Economics" and other economic areas of training , and post-graduate students, Young Teachers and Practitioners , the Creative Heritage of Eminent Economists , the emergence of various theoretical schools , trends and trends in economic thought throughout the history of society.