Independent work is aimed at deepening the knowledge of the discipline and involves the generalization of the topics studied, and topics for independent study summarize the acquired knowledge and allow the student to independently solve problems arising from the introduction of advanced technologies in production. Individual fragments of topics may be the subject of scientific research. The manual is intended for full-time and part-time students studying in the direction 210100 - "Electronics and microelectronics", specialty 210105 - "Electronic devices" in the discipline "Vacuum and plasma devices and devices" .