In 1998-99, astronomers proved[edit] that in nature there is not only the well-known universal gravitation of Newton but also worldwide anti-gravity, Theoretically predicted by Einstein back in 1917, When he entered the equations of the GTO constant L, to ensure the stability of the solution, Metagalaxy . In the future, it turned out that Metagalaxy does evolve, but the constant L remained in the equations of general relativity, and its magnitude can significantly affect the dynamics of cosmological evolution. Analysis of the latest experimental data showed that in the modern era, anti-gravity is even stronger than gravitation on the scale of the entire Metagalaxy, which, as a result, does not slow down its expansion, as previously believed, but, on the contrary, expands with acceleration. Perhaps it is created by a special, very unusual physical environment that evenly fills the entire space of the Metagalaxy the cosmic vacuum. But a vacuum not a vacuum has energy, and this energy exceeds the total energy of all known types of matter in the Metagalaxy. About the hypothesis of cosmic vacuum, about multidimensional cosmological models, as well as about other ideas that have arisen in physics under the influence of the latest discoveries in cosmology, and will be discussed in this book. The publication is intended for senior students of physical specialties, graduate students and specialists interested in cosmological models, the results of recent research in cosmology and the nature of the physical vacuum. The book is also the basis of the course "Actual problems of micro- and cosmophysics", which is read in MEPhI by one of the authors of the book.