At the beginning of the 20th century, a new direction emerged in physics, which was already about two millennia old by that time quantum physics. It was the physics of the microcosm, t. e. the science of the properties of those elementary particles of which any macroscopic substance consists at the microscopic level. Quantum physics differs qualitatively in its basic postulates and laws from the physics of matter in macroscopic states - from classical physics and classical natural science. This difference between quantum and classical physics objectively reflects the difference in the physical properties of matter, manifested at the microscopic and macroscopic levels of research. Now, at the beginning of the 21st century, quantum physics dominates among other branches of physics in terms of the value of the new results obtained both for science as a whole, and for modern techniques and technologies. Therefore, familiarization with the basics of quantum physics is necessary for any young person graduating from high school, or a novice student, if he is going to devote his life to physics, astrophysics, chemistry, electronics or modern technology.