The brochure provides a brief overview of the results of the study of the surface layer of lunar soils by astronomical and radio astronomical methods, as well as with the help of spacecraft that flew around the moon. The methods of studying lunar soils with the help of automatic stations "Luna-9" are described in more detail. "Moon 13" , "Serveyer" , """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" soft landing on the surface of the moon, and their data on engineering and construction properties of lunar soil - density, Mechanical Strength , Composition and structure . Preliminary results of studies of samples of lunar soils delivered to Earth by the Apollo 11 spacecraft are given, and a summary of modern ideas about the surface layer of lunar soil. The brochure contains information about the device of the devices that carried out the first instrumental exploration of lunar soils, about the methods of studying soils in conditions of lunar gravity and vacuum, as well as about modeling materials of terrestrial analogues of the lunar soils. The brochure is intended for a wide circle of builders, specialists in soil mechanics and soil scientists interested in the problems of space science and new methods of soil research. Table 9, Illustrations 18, Bibliography 56 titles.