The nanostructural states of materials formed during quenching from melt or subsequent thermal and deformation treatment, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of materials are considered in detail and systematically .. A new classification of nanomaterials is given, based on their structure and mechanical behavior. Various conditions for the formation of nanomaterials during quenching from the liquid phase are considered: 1) complete crystallization of the liquid phase in the process of quenching from melt 2) formation of an amorphous state in the process of quenching , with partial or complete crystallization during subsequent cooling 3) formation of an amorphous state during hardening with the appearance of nanocrystals as a result of subsequent thermal or deformation effects . Examples of effective use of nanomaterials obtained by quenching from melt. For researchers, postgraduates and masters specializing in nanotechnology and nanomaterials .