This book presents methods for calculating and experimentally analyzing the dynamic loads acting on an aircraft's elastic structure. It covers the determination of the shape and natural frequencies of the structure, modeled as a system of spatially arranged beams. The text explores techniques for calculating aerodynamic forces during oscillations and provides equations of motion in both time and frequency domains, addressing both steady and unsteady conditions. It discusses solutions to challenges such as gust loads from turbulent air and strategies for reducing these stresses. The book examines dynamic loads caused by shock waves, engine imbalances following blade loss, and impacts with vortex wakes. It also analyzes structural stresses during landing impacts and taxiing on the airfield. A significant portion is dedicated to analyzing unique experimental data used to determine dynamic loads during frequency testing of structures, wind tunnel tests of models subjected to gusts, flights of full-scale aircraft in turbulence and shock wave conditions, as well as during landing. These experimental results are compared with theoretical calculations. The book features a broad range of parametric studies, supported by numerous examples and illustrative materials. It is intended for researchers and engineers in aerospace industry research institutes and design bureaus. Additionally, it may be valuable for students, graduate students, and educators in aerospace engineering programs specializing in the strength and durability of aircraft structures.