This monograph summarizes the results of fifteen years of research into the magnetism of the oceanic lithosphere and its paleo-analogues—ophiolites—conducted by the authors. The first part provides an overview of petromagnetology and paleomagnetology, as well as the construction of a petromagnetic model of the oceanic lithosphere. The second part presents the findings from petromagnetic and paleomagnetic studies of objects from the Paleoasian Ocean. The study reveals that the primary petromagnetic features of the oceanic crust are global in nature and are determined by its magmatic origin; these features persist despite secondary alterations in the rocks, with the emergence of a secondary magnetic layer 4 resulting from the serpentinization of the upper mantle. The research establishes a connection between the formation of the Paleoasian Ocean during the Vendian period and the fragmentation of the Precambrian Pangaea, while its closure correlates with the formation of the late Paleozoic Pangaea. This process is driven by significant changes in the movement dynamics near the core-mantle boundary: continental blocks are drawn toward the "center" of the Paleoasian Ocean, causing the entire conglomerate to rotate clockwise by approximately 180 degrees. The positions of spreading and subduction zones at various stages of the ocean's evolution have been reconstructed.