The sixth edition of this legendary book is devoted to the internal device and algorithms of the main components of the Microsoft Windows 7 operating system. and Windows Server 2008 R2. The first part defines the key concepts and terms of Windows, gives an idea of the tools used to research the internal device of the system, discusses the overall architecture and components of the OS. The book also provides an overview of the key underlying system and control mechanisms of Windows, covers the main components of the operating system: processes, threads and security tasks and network work. The second part of the book covers the main subsystems of Windows: input-output, data storage, memory management, cache manager and file systems. The processes of start and finish of work are considered and the analysis of the emergency dump is described. The book is intended for system administrators, developers of complex applications and anyone who wants to understand how the Windows operating system works.