The methodological foundations of the course. are discussed Paradigm shift in Earth sciences, modeling as a method of cognition, questions of model objectivity, concept of systems and laws. The position of the solar system and the Earth in the structure of the Metagalaxy is considered. The basic cosmogonic provisions on the structure of the universe are given. Lectures are intended for students studying geophysics and geology courses in direction 657200 - Hydrometeorology . New material and a systematic approach in the presentation can be interesting and useful for teachers and students of other specialties .