The development of civilization at the end of the 20th century demonstrates an increase in the dynamics of life, which is manifested in deep and extremely contradictory changes in all areas of politics, economics and culture. In this situation, the problems of the ideological orientation of a person, his awareness of his place and role in society, responsibility for his actions become a priority. In the formation of the worldview culture of man, philosophy has always played a special role associated with its experience of critical reflection on the most important values and life orientations. She took on the function of clarifying the problems of human existence, each time raising anew the question of what a person is and what his place in the world is, how to live, what to focus on. This tutorial attempts to answer these and other questions.