To the reader (Elena Ananieva) 5 PLANET Earth in outer space (Valentin Tsvetkov) 8 The internal structure of our planet (Boris Silkin , Alexander Rodnikov) 14 Structure of the oceanic and continental earth crust (Nikolai Koronovskiy) 18 Earth as a chemical laboratory (Dmitry Trifonov) 26 Secrets of terrestrial magnetism (Tatyana Linkova) 35 Earth's attraction (Tatyana Linkova) 41 Earth's development - ideas, Hypothesis , Theory (German Ananiev) 46 Tectonics of lithospheric plates (Mikhail Lomise) 54 Stages of mountain formation in the history of the Earth (Viktor Khain) 68 Additional essays Deepwater drilling (Nikolaj Koronovskiy) - 19. Periodic system of elements D. and . Mendeleeva (Dmitry Trifonov) - 27. Alexander Evgenievich Fersman (Dmitry Trifonov) - 29. Far Rainbow (Dmitry Trifonov) - 32. Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (Dmitry Trifonov) - 38. Galileo's experiments (Tatyana Linkova) - 41. Cosmic Gravimetry (Tatiana Linkova) - 44. Does the plant need gravity? (Tatyana Linkova) - 45. James Getton (Dmitry Trifonov) - 48. Abraham Werner (Dmitry Trifonov) - 50. Charles Lyell (Dmitry Trifonov) - 52. Platforms and geosynclinals (German Ananiev) - 53. Alfred Wegener (Boris Silkin) - 56. Elie de Beaumont (Michael Sulo) - 71. Eduard Suss (Dmitry Trifonov) - 74. WHAT CREATE THE EARTH'S EARTH'S ELEMENTS Volcanoes and magma (Nikolai Koronovskiy) 80 Folds and ruptures in rocks (Nikolai Koronovskiy) 100 Earthquakes (Andrei Nikonov) 109 Modern movements of the earth's crust (Andrei Nikonov) 122 Additional essays Death of Armero (Nikolai Koronovskiy) History of the island of Santorin (Nikolai Koronovskiy) - 86. Volcanoes and the ozone layer (Nikolai Koronovskiy) - 89. Krakatoa volcano eruption (Nikolai Koronovskiy) - 90. Disaster at the volcano Nameless (Nikolai Koronovsky) - 91. Grozny Shiveluch (Nikolaj Koronovsky) - 91. Pacific Ring of Fire (Nikolai Koronovsky) - 96. Corinth Canal and Tectonics (Nikolai Koronovskiy) - 102. The Great African Rake (Nikolai Koronovsky) - 106. Great Rift System in the Oceans (Nikolai Koronovskiy) - 107. San Andreas rips it all apart (Andrei Nikonov) - 108. The Breath of the Earth (Nikolai Koronovskiy) - 108. Testimony of witnesses (Andrei Nikonov) - PO. Check the map (Andrei Nikonov) - 112. Big Trouble in Neftegorsk (Andrei Nikonov) - 119. Like the keys of the piano . (Nikolai Koronovsky) - 123. "Temple of Serapis" and tectonic theory (Andrei Nikonov) - 124. Why does Venice go under water? (Andrei Nikonov) - 127. Palmdale Fiction (Andrei Nikonov) - 128. What is GPS? (Andrei Nikonov) - 130. Channels leading up (Andrei Nikonov) - 132. Man bends the earth's crust (Andrei Nikonov) - 133. EXTERNAL FORCE OF THE EARTH Weathering (Nikolai Koronovskiy) 134 Rivers - destroyers and creators (Oleg Borsuk) 139 Formation of coasts (Sergey Bulanov) 149 Geological work of ice (Alexander Makkaveev) 15b Winds , changing the face of the Earth (Nikolai Koronovskiy) 166 Underground waters (Eugene Voznesensky , Irina Petrova) 173 Karst (Bulat Mavlyudov) 182 Frozen bowels of the Earth (German Ananiev) 188 Slope processes (Nikolai Koronovskiy) 194 Meteorite craters (Valentin Tsvetkov) 200 Additional essays On what does the drawing of the river network (Oleg Barsuk) - 140. Fake ravine (Oleg Badger) - 141. What can tell pebbles (Oleg Badger) - 144. Ice "transporter" (Oleg Badger) - 147. Destroying, Enriching (Oleg Borsuk) - 148. The Outcasts, or Big boulders (Alexander Maccabees) - 161. Sea moraines (Alexander Maccabees) - 162. Glacier lakes at the foot of the mountains (Alexander Maccabees) - 162. "Polyany" in the mountains (Alexander Makkaveev) - 163. Layered "calendar" (Alexander Makkaveev) - 164. Drumlins (Alexander Makkaveev) - 165. Tunnel Valleys (Alexander Maccabees) - 166. What the Wind Can Do (Aristarchov's Love) - 167. Where do the Barkhanas begin? (Aristarchov's Love) - 168. Wind direction and types of dunes (Aristarchov's Love) - 169. Worship of the God of Boiling Water (Irina Petrova) - 175. Karst springs (Eugene Voznesensky) - 177. Ice and Fire (Irina Petrova) - 178. Water from deep wells (Irina Petrova) - 179. Liquid ore (Irina Petrova) - 181. How quickly the land melts (Irina Petrova) - 182. Floods in the caves (Bulat Mavlyudov) - 186. Is there a wind under the ground? (Bulat Mavlyudov) - 187. Traces of ancient permafrost (Herman Ananiev) - 189. Seli (Elena Ananieva) - 195. If you wake up a dragon. (Andrei Nikonov) - 196. The tragedy in Huascaran (Nikolai Koronovskiy) - 197. Snow avalanches (Elena Ananieva) - 199. Tunguska meteorite (Valentin Tsvetkov) - Sikhote-Alin meteor shower (Valentin Tsvetkov) -- 201. Meteorites "from the refrigerator" (Valentin Tsvetkov) - 202. GEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS OF NATURE - Bridge Giants (Bulat Mavlyudov) 204 Meteorite crater in Arizona (Valentine Flowers) 206 Stone statues in the dunes of Australia (Victor Avdonin) 209 Grandiose wells in quartzites (Bulat Mavlyudov) 211 Island of ice and fire (Nice) German Ananiev) 217 Grand Canyon (Nikolai Koronovskiy) 219 Ring Ridge Konder (Tatyana Khorokhilova) 221 Fjords (Oleg Borsuk) 224 Mammoth Cave (Bulat Mavlyudov) 226 Karlsbad Caves (Bulat Mavlyudov) 229 Vesuvius (Nikolai Koronovskiy marek) 231 Valley of Geysers (Oleg Borsuk) - 238 EARTH LIFE AND LAND LIFE STUDYING THE PAST PLANET Geological Calendar (Igor Barskoe) 244 Paleontology (Igor Barskoe) 253 "Great Extinctions" in Earth's History (Igor Barskoe) 260 Additional Essays by Nils Steno (Mi) Absolute age (Andrey Zhuravlev) - 250. Trusting Professor Beringer (Igor Barskoe) - 254. Fossil Brain (Igor Barskoe) - 255. Why do we need fossils? (Andrey Zhuravlyov) - 256. Joachim Barrand (Andrey Zhuravlev) - 258. Guessing. Convergence (Igor Barskov) - 261. Georges Cuvier (Mikhail Sudo) - 263. William Smith (Michael Sudo) - 263. Paleontological Museum in Moscow (Andrey Zhuravlyov) - 266. THE HISTORY OF THE EARTH Started (Igor Barskoe) 270 Precambrian (Igor Barskoe) 272 Paleozoic (Igor Barskoe) 280 Mesozoic (Igor Barskoe), 317 Cainozoic (Igor Barskoe, Andrey Zhuravlyov), 335 Additional essays What remains when nothing remains? (Andrey Zhuravlyov) 273 "Gardens of Ediacara", or Wendsky inflatable mattresses (Andrey Zhuravlev) - 278. Variation curve (Igor Barskov) - 281. Lagerstetta (Andrei Zhuravlev) - 284. Our very first ancestor (Igor Barskov) -285. Cucumbers and stars (Igor Barskov) -286. Written Stone (Igor Barskoe) - 289. Straight-horned, crooked, five-horned. (Igor Barskov) - 292. I don't know what, but it's a good thing.... Conodonts (Igor Barskov)-292. Black smokers (Igor Barskov)-294. Where are the hands, where are the feet . Brachiopods (Igor Barskov) - 298. Amon's Horn . Ammonoid (Igor Barskoe) - 303. These are the easy ones.. Foraminifera (Igor Barskoe) - 308. The Nail of Carbon (Andrey Zhuravlev) - 309. He who seeks, finds (Igor Barskov) - 312 . "Grades of the Past" . Belemnites (Igor Barskov) - 320. Flying Hairstylist (Igor Barskov) - 328. "Ancientwing" - not a bird (Andrey Zhuravlyov) - 329. From the history of human history (Andrei Zhuravlev)-344 CONTROLS AND SECRETS HEDP LAND MINERALS What is a mineral (Michael Generals) 348 How minerals differ from each other and how they are studied (Michael Generals) 351 Where and how minerals are formed (Michael Generals) 359 What are minerals (Michael Generals) 365 Additional details A little bit about nutrition and how it affects the appearance (Michael Generals) - 356. Minerals at the "Hell's Gate" (Mikhail Generalov) - 360. Minerals in Space (Mikhail Generalov) -362. The Hunt for the Invisible (Mikhail Generalov) - 364. Quartz (Mikhail Generalov) - 371. Malachite and Azurite (Mikhail Generalov) - 373. Grenades (Mikhail Generalov) - 376. Plagioclases (Mikhail Generalov) - 381. Mountain Breeds What are rocks? (Heads) 383 Magma-born (Pavels) 386 Miraculous transformations in the bowels of the Earth (Pavels) 391 Created from the destroyed (Andrei Zhuravlev) 394 Additional essays Science Petrography (Pavels) - 386. Wine from the Cambrian cellars (Andrey Zhuravlev) -398. Amani Gresley (Dmitry Trifonov) - 400. Vladimir Afanasievich Obruchev (Dmitry Trifonov) -402. Which minerals are called useful (Victor Starostin) 406 Ore (Victor Starostin) 408 Building materials (Victor Starostin) 423 Water is the most necessary mineral (Kim Losev) 431 Agrochemical raw materials (Victor Starostin) 439 Oil and gas (Michael Sudo) 450 Burning stones Where to get cobalt and manganese? (Victor Starostin) - 414. Odor Smells (Victor Starostin) - 416. "Moscow Glass" (Viktor Starostin) - 426. From the history of water extraction and use (Kim Losev) - 432. Guano (Victor Starostin) - 439. Chilean saltpeter (Victor Starostin) - 446. Mountain wax (Mikhail Sudo) - 451. Natural asphalt (Mikhail Sudo) - 452. Cod Fat Oil (Mikhail Sudo) - 453. The Magmatic Origins of Oil Hypothesis (Mikhail Sudo) - 454. The hypothesis of the cosmic origin of oil (Mikhail Sudo) - 454. The resourceful watchman (Mikhail Sudo) - 457. The Hard Way to Western Siberia Oil (Mikhail Sudo) - 458. East Siberian Oil (Mikhail Sudo) - 458. Ivan Mikhailovich Gubkin (Dmitry Trifonov) - 459. From the history of oil refining (Mikhail Sudo) - 460. Oil and Politics (Mikhail Sudo) - 462. The Golden Age of Petroleum Monopolies . OPEC (OPEC) (Mikhail Sudo) - 463. Fossilized trees in a coal mine (Mikhail Golitsyn) - 466. Cox (Mikhail Golitsyn) - 469. Coal paints (Mikhail Golitsyn) - 470. Coal oil (Mikhail Golitsyn) - 472. Coal Gas (Mikhail Golitsyn) - 472. A rare profession of coal (Mikhail Golitsyn) - 477. HOW TO OPEN THE PLACE Gold fevers (Viktor Starostin) 478 Golden Kolyma (German Ananiev) 482 Silver Cops (Viktor Starostin) 487 Diamond fevers (Yuri Ermakov) 489 Diamonds of Yakutia (Viktor Starostin , Nikolai Yasamanov) 495 History of the discovery of Arkhangelsk diamonds (Valery Vaganov) 499 "Malachite box" of the Urals (German Ananiev) 501 Additional essays of the Kolyma region in the names (German Ananiev) - 486. Gentlemen of Fortune (Yuri Ermakov) - 494. Green sparkles (German Ananiev) - 502. HISTORY OF MOUNTAIN MASTERS History of mining (Victor Starostin, Vyacheslav Marchenko) 506 Rudoznatz (Yuri Bazhenov) 518 Russian Mining Service (Viacheslav Marchenko) 526 Additional essays Turin Papyrus (Yuri Bazhenov) - 507. Pliny the Elder (Dmitry Trifonov) - 511. Georgius Agricola (Dmitry Trifonov - 513. "Book of Stones" - 519. Alexander Petrovich Karpinsky (Dmitry Trifonov) - 527. Names of Russian geologists on the map (Vyacheslav Marchenko) -528. HEALTHY AND BUILDING STONES . 532 Starostin (Victor Starostin) 532 Multi-Faced Quartz (Victor Starostin) 533 Malachite (Victor Starostin) 537 Turquoise (Victor Starostin) 539 Jade and Jadeite (Victor Starostin) 541 Rodonite (orl) Oleg Nikolaev) 562 Mineralogical museums and collections of stones (Peter Alexandrov , Victor Starostin) 568 Additional essays Charoit (Victor Starostin) - 552. The fate of the Shah (Mikhail Generalov) - 560. Masterpieces of Nature (Tatyana Kashirina) - 564. Talismans of Pushkin (Tatyana Kashirina) - 565. Ring of Chaliapin (Tatyana Kashirina) - 565. Sacred Stones (Tatyana Kashirina) - 566. Napoleon and the Rescue Bezoar (Tatyana Kashirina) - 568. Jewellery Origins of jewelry and stone carving (Yuri Ermakov) 574 Methods of processing gems (Yuri Ermakov) 576 From diamond to diamond (Yuri Ermakov) 580 Secrets of gold and silversmiths (Yuri Ermakov) 586 Faberge and Cartier (Yuri Ermakov) 592 Errors of cutters (Yuri Ermakov) - 580. Is Monomakh's hat heavy? (Yuri Ermakov) - 584. The thorny way of talents (Yuri Ermakov) - 585. Art and Vandalism (Yuri Ermakov) - 587. By order of the kings (Yuri Ermakov) - 591. "Finding" Mason (Yuri Ermakov) - 592. The most famous coins (Yuri Ermakov) - 598. Platinum coins (Victor Starostin) - 601. Corrupt coins and counterfeiting (Yuri Ermakov) - 602. MAN AND LAND MAN STUDY LAND Geologists in expeditions (Anastasia Rostotskaya) 606 Drilling wells [Victor Avdonin] 610 Investigations under a microscope (Pavel Plechov) 615 A view of the lithosphere from space (Nelli Korchuganova) 618 was not observed (Natalia Solovyova) - 607. Ode to a geological hammer (Natalia Solovyova) - 609. Geological Compass (Natalia Solovyova) - 609. Vladimir Ivanovich Smirnov (Viktor Starostin) - 611. Drilling on the Moon and Venus (Victor Avlonin) - 612. Deepwater drilling on Baikal (Mikhail Kuzmin) - 614. Mysterious lineaments (Nellie Korchuganova) - 620. Ring structures of the Earth (Nellie Korchuganova) - 622. Plants - prospectors of the subsoil (Irina Petrova) - 624. What's Under Antarctica's Ice? (Tatiana Linkova) - 627. International Polar Years (Boris Silkin) - 628. Karotage (Tatyana Linkova) - 630. International Geophysical Year (Boris Silkin) - 631. Ivan Dementievich Chersky (Dmitry Trifonov) - 633. International Congresses of Geologists (Andrey Zhuravlyov) - 636. How many specialists - so many maps (Natalia Solovyova)-638 PLANET UNDER THE PRESS OF CIVILIZATION Pood of rock - gram of ore (Kim Losev) 640 Deposits of the III millennium (German Ananiev) 647 New era of silica (Nikolaj Yasamanov) 651 The unbearable weight of cities (Kim Losev) 654 Additional outlines of her electric lamp Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (Dmitry Trifonov) - 644. Not only mineral sources, but also building material (Herman Ananiev) - 650. How much do cities weigh? (Kim Losev) - 654. How long does the city live? (Kim Losev) - 657. Trace of the city in the bowels of Moscow (Kim Losev) - 658. Conclusion. Unsolved problems of geology (Victor Starostin, Victor Avdonin) 660 Additional essay Earth exploration - the key to solving the mysteries of the universe (Victor Starostin, Victor Avlonin) - 662. Annex Index of terms 664 Index of rocks and minerals 673 Index of names 675 Horoscopes of stones 678 We advise you to read