The book systematically examines a wide range of issues from various fields of physics, physical chemistry, astrophysics, with which modern gas and hydrodynamics deals. It outlines the basics of gas dynamics and shock wave theory, radiation transfer theory. Thermodynamic and optical properties of matter at high temperatures and pressures are studied, kinetics of dissociation, Ionization and other non-equilibrium processes , Phenomena, associated with radiation of light and radiant heat exchange in shock waves and explosions , Problems of propagation of shock waves in solids and t. d. The authors of the monograph own a large number of original works in the field of science under consideration, which are reflected in the book. The book will serve as a valuable practical guide for a wide range of physicists, mechanics and engineers involved in applied physics and new technology. It will be useful for students and graduate students of relevant specialties, as well as for all physicists and mechanics who want to get acquainted with the current state of the science of shock waves.