The manual summarizes and outlines modern ideas about the problem of maintaining the permeability of the upper respiratory tract in anesthesiology, resuscitation and medicine of critical conditions . The issues of epidemiology, forecasting and diagnosis of situations related to the difficult respiratory tract are covered in detail. Various algorithms for ensuring the permeability of the upper respiratory tract with difficult intubation, complications of intubation and obstruction of the upper respiratory tract in adults, children and obstetric patients are presented . Also considered methods of anesthesiological protection in difficult airway. The manual is intended for anesthesiologists-reanimatologists, surgeons and doctors of other specialties.