The field of mathematics today represents an ongoing global effort, spanning both countries and centuries. While some developments emerged in multiple cultures, independent of each other, others involved an extensive exchange of ideas among individuals around the world. Through this in-depth narrative, students will learn how major mathematical concepts were first derived, as well as how they evolved with the advent of later thinkers shedding new light on various applications. Everything from Euclidean geometry to the philosophy of mathematics is illuminated as readers are transported to the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and beyond to discover the history of mathematical thought.