Lipps Theodor (1851-1914) - German philosopher, psychologist, logician and esthetician. Professor (1884). One of the creators of modern psychology and basic ideas about the unconscious mental and its role in the organization of human life. After receiving higher education, he worked as a private assistant professor at the University of Bonn. Since 1884 - professor at the University of Bonn, since 1890 - professor at the University of Breslau, since 1894 - professor at the University of Munich. Founded the Munich Psychological Institute. He laid the foundations of German psychology and carried out its systematization. He qualified psychology as the basis of all philosophical sciences. He attached great importance to direct mental “experience” and “contemplation” of his own mental life. He created the theory of empathy as a special mental act that ensures the projection of a person’s feelings and emotional states onto the objects he perceives and the feeling of various positive or negative aesthetic experiences. Developed an original psychology of art. Investigated the problems of “unconscious sensations” and “unconscious ideas”. He noted the fundamental role of unconscious mental processes as the basis of the human psyche, including consciousness. He had a significant influence on the formation of the psychological views of S. Freud and his ideas about the unconscious mental. According to S. Freud, he was “the brightest mind among modern philosophical authors.” Author of the books “Basic Problems of the Life of the Soul” (1883), “Fundamentals of Logic” (1893), “Comicism and Humor” (1898), “Guide to Psychology” (1903), “Aesthetics” (1903; in 2 volumes. ), “Psychology and Logic” (1905), “Philosophy and Reality” (1908), “Philosophical Research” (1907-1912; in 2 volumes) and many others. etc.