Scientific Bulletins of Belgorod State University: History, Political Science Volume 45 No. 4", created by a team of authors, is a rich and in-depth study of topical issues in the field of history and political science, combining scientific articles, analytical reviews and new approaches to the study of the modern world . This issue is part of a prestigious scientific journal that has long established itself as an authoritative source of knowledge for scientists, teachers, students and anyone interested in the development of the political system, historical processes and social transformations. This publication is not just a collection of articles, but a real window into modern scientific thinking, in which the authors reveal complex topics related to historical events, political institutions and global trends. The focus is on the formation and development of political systems, the analysis of historical factors affecting modern politics, as well as the discussion of topical issues such as democracy, authoritarianism, international relations and internal social conflicts. Each article is the result of careful research supported by facts and analytical approach, which makes the book a valuable resource for those who are looking for a deep understanding of the processes taking place in the world. Scientific Bulletins of Belgorod State University: History, Political Science Volume 45 No. 4" is great for a wide range of readers. It will be of interest to students and post-graduate students studying history, political science, international relations and sociology, as well as teachers, scientists and specialists working in these fields. In addition, it will attract the attention of those who seek to understand modern political trends, understand the causes and consequences of historical events, and expand their knowledge of the mechanisms of power and social development. A special place in the book is occupied by the style of the authors - this is a combination of academic rigor with the availability of presentation, which allows not only to delve into scientific discussions, but also to easily perceive complex ideas. In each section, the authors use examples from history and modernity, which makes the material alive and relevant. In general, this publication is not only a source of knowledge, but also an incentive for reflection, analysis and dialogue on the future of the political and historical fate of society. If you are looking for a book that will help you understand how historical events shape modern politics, or want to get a fresh look at the development of states and international relations, "Scientific Bulletin of Belgorod State University: History, Political Science Volume 45 No. 4" will be an indispensable helper for you . This collection of scientific articles is the result of the collective efforts of leading experts who share their discoveries and views, making it worthy of attention for everyone who appreciates serious scientific research and wants to be aware of the latest trends in the field of history and political science.