This monograph is a detailed exposition of philosophical research in the field of human comprehension. It reveals the content of such new areas as synergetic, religious, postmodern, transpersonal anthropology. The book deals with topical and significant problems - the subject of philosophical anthropology, the "death of man" as a phenomenon of modern thinking, a symbol as a key to the solution of human nature, the essence of man. The work also considers new interpretations of human nature, the methodology of humanitarian thinking, a person in the world of social cognition. The book gives a broad panorama of the philosophical problems associated with the interpretation of man.