Provides information about the design, the main surfaces and angles of lathes, their impact on the state of the surface of the part. The main provisions of cutting of structural materials, explaining the influence of geometry of the tool and processing modes on shaving, power cutting mode and the state of the surface layer from the position of reliability and safety are considered. Information on the method of plasma processing of metals. The classification of composite materials, the mechanism of their strengthening, properties and scope of application. are considered. The method of calculation of specific strength of composites with fibrous filler. is given. Designed for undergraduates and students of all forms of training in technical areas of training and specialties . It has an interactive table of contents in the form of bookmarks. Prepared at the Department of Motor Transport .