This issue is devoted to the Neolithic cultures in the territory of Northern Eurasia (being . USSR). The issue is divided into two parts ("Neolithic of the South" and "Neolithic forest strip"), which describes the history of the study of the Neolithic in the region, identifies and characterizes cultures or groups of monuments, gives their periodization. The example of individual monuments shows the conditions of the cultural layers, materials on culture, life, beliefs of the ancient population are revealed. The issue provides the most complete list of radiocarbon dates for the Neolithic of different regions. New data and publications on Neolithic are included in the deployed notes. For archeologists, historians, local historians, specialists of related disciplines .