The collective monograph analyzes the Soviet state policy of economic development of Siberia, associated with the adoption of mobilization decisions necessary for the modernization transformation of the region's economy on the basis of industrialization. It is emphasized that in the twentieth century there was an active socio-economic development of more and more new areas of Siberia, rich in mineral resources and other natural resources. Particular attention is paid to the mobilization nature of the development of the northern regions, where sufficiently effective territorial production complexes and associations were created that radically changed not only the economic, but also the civilizational appearance of the region. In general, the authors of the monograph represent Siberia in the Soviet period as an actively developing territory. in which large socio-economic programs of national importance were gradually implemented from west to east, Unique mineral deposits were developed , New settlements were built , which formed a predominantly urban lifestyle of the population. The monograph is addressed to specialists, students and all those interested in the history of Siberia .