The first book of the volume is devoted to the key problems of the "short 20th century" . The book deals with demographic and migration processes, leading trends in the development of the world economy, the specifics of social transformations that took place during the century. Considerable attention is paid to the main aspects of the development of world culture, the problems of science and education, the changing place and role of religion in the life of the individual and society. The author analyzes the origins, course, nature and consequences of the First World War, the Versailles-Washington system of international relations. Characterized by the development of countries and regions of the world before the Second World War through the prism of transnational and global history For historians and a wide range of readers.