Sholem Aleichem (nicknamed Sh.) Rabinovich (1859-1916) began to write from childhood. “The passion for writing, strange as it may seem,” says Sholom-Aleichem in his autobiographical notes, “started with a beautiful handwriting .... For a beautifully written task, my father gave ... for money (first fee). I sewed myself a notebook and in beautiful letters brought out in it a whole treatise on the Bible and Hebrew grammar. My father was delighted with my “work” and carried it in his pocket for a long time, showing each person a cross, as his son writes beautifully (he was then ten years old) .... Sholom-Aleichem’s creativity is surprisingly multifaceted . He is a prose writer and playwright, critic and poet, publisher of literary almanacs and brilliant readers of his own stories. And in all his works full of great social meaning, he depicted the hard life of the people in the conditions of tsarist Russia.